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hukou system
A hukou is a record in the system of household registration required by law in China and Taiwan. The system itself is more properly called "''huji''", and has origins in ancient China.
A household registration record officially identifies a person as a resident of an area and includes identifying information such as name, parents, spouse, and date of birth. A hukou can also refer to a family register in many contexts since the household registration record () is issued per family, and usually includes the births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and moves, of all members in the family.
Because of its entrenchment of social strata, especially as between rural and urban residency status, the hukou system is often regarded as a caste system of China.〔"Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance", by Elizabeth J. Perry, Mark Selden, page (90 )〕〔"China's New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society", p. 86, by Daniel A. Bell〕〔"Trust and Distrust: Sociocultural Perspectives", p. 63, by Ivana Marková, Alex Gillespie〕 The system descends in part from ancient Chinese systems of household registration, which also influenced neighbouring countries. In present times, a similar household registration system exists within the public administration structures of Japan (koseki), Vietnam (Hộ khẩu), and North Korea (Hoju). In South Korea, the Hoju system was abolished on 1 January 2008. While unrelated in origin, propiska in the Soviet Union had a similar purpose.
==Nomenclature==
The formal name for the system is "''huji''." Within the ''huji'' system, a "''hukou''" is the registered residency status of a particular individual in this system. "''Hukou''" is more commonly used in everyday conversation. "''Hukou''" has been adopted by English-language audiences to refer to both the ''huji'' system and an individual's ''hukou''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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